Continuous Casting Machines
The function principle of ordinary type continuous casting machines is based on similar ideas as our vacuum pressure casting machines. Instead of filling the liquid material into a flask you can produce/draw sheet, wire, rod, or tube by using a graphite mold. All this happens without any air bubbles or shrinking porosity. The vacuum and high vacuum continuous casting machines are basically used for making high-end quality wires such as bonding wire, semiconductor, aerospace field.
What is continuous casting, what is it for, what are the advantages?
The continuous casting process is a very effective method to manufacture semi-finished products such as bars, profiles, slabs, strips and tubes made from gold, silver and non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium and alloys.
Even if there are different continuous casting techniques, there is no significant difference in casting gold, silver, copper or alloys. The essential difference are the casting temperatures which range from approximately 1000 °C in the case of silver or copper to 1100 °C in the case of gold or other alloys. The molten metal is continuously cast into a storage vessel called ladle and flows from there into a vertical or horizontal casting mould with open end. While flowing through the mould, which is cooled with crystallizer, the liquid mass takes the profile of the mould, starts to solidify at its surface and leaves the mould in a semi-solid strand. Simultaneously, new melt is constantly supplied to the mould at the same rate to keep up with the solidifying strand leaving the mould. The strand is further cooled by means of a water spraying system. Through the use of intensified cooling it is possible to increase the speed of crystallization and to generate in the strand a homogeneous, fine-grained structure giving the semi-finished product good technological properties. The solidified strand is then straightened and cut to desired length by shears or a cutting-torch.
The sections can be further worked upon in subsequent in-line rolling operations to obtain bars, rods, extrusion billets (blanks), slabs or other semi-finished products in various dimensions.
History of continuous casting
The first attempts to cast metals in a continuous process were made in the middle of the 19th century. In the year 1857, Sir Henry Bessemer (1813–1898) received a patent for casting metal between two contra-rotating rollers for manufacturing metal slabs. But that time this method remained without attention. Decisive progress was made from 1930 onwards with the Junghans-Rossi technique for continuous casting of light and heavy metals. Concerning steel, the continuous casting process was developed in 1950, before (and also after) that steel was poured into a stationary mould to form 'ingots'.
The continuous casting of non-ferrous rod was created by the Properzi process, developed by Ilario Properzi (1897-1976), the founder of the Continuus-Properzi company.
The advantages of continuous casting
Continuous casting is the perfect method for manufacturing semi-finished products of long sizes and enables the production of large quantities within short time. The microstructure of the products is even. Compared to casting in moulds, continuous casting is more economic regarding the consumption of energy and reduces less scrap. Furthermore, the properties of the products can be easily modified by changing the casting parameters. As all operations can be automatized and controlled, continuous casting offers numerous possibilities to adapt the production flexibly and rapidly to changing market requirements and to combine it with digitization (Industrie 4.0) technologies.